Composition for dyeing keratinous fibers with a cationic direct dye and a quaternary ammonium salt

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a dyeing composition for keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as hair, comprising in an appropriate dyeing medium, at least a direct cationic coloring agent of specific formula, and characterized in that it further contains at least a quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also concerns methods and devices using said composition.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/529,835, filed May 9,2000, now abandoned which is a national stage application ofPCT/FR99/01865, filed Jul. 28, 1999, which claims the benefit of FrenchApplication No. 98/10547, filed Aug. 19, 1998, all of which areincorporated herein by reference.

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratinous fibres, inparticular human keratinous fibres such as hair, comprising, in anappropriate dyeing medium, at least one cationic direct dye of a givenformula, and at least one quaternary ammonium salt.

The subject of the invention is also the dyeing methods and devicesusing the said composition.

In the hair domain, it is possible to distinguish two types of dyeing.

The first is the semipermanent or temporary dyeing, or direct dyeing,which involves dyes capable of bringing the natural colour of the hair amore or less marked colour modification which is resistant, whereappropriate, to several shampooings. These dyes are called direct dyes;they can be used with or without oxidizing agent. In the presence ofoxidizing agent, the aim is to obtain a lightening dyeing. Lighteningdyeing is performed by applying to the hair the fresh mixture of adirect dye and of an oxidizing agent and makes it possible in particularto obtain, by lightening of the melanin of the hair, an advantageouseffect such as a uniform colour in the case of grey hair or to make thecolour stand out in the case of naturally pigmented hair.

The second is permanent dyeing or oxidation dyeing. The latter isperformed with so-called “oxidation” dyes comprising oxidation dyeprecursors and couplers. The oxidation dye precursors, commonly called“oxidation bases” are compounds which are initially colourless orfaintly coloured which develop their dyeing power inside the hair in thepresence of oxidizing agents added at the time of use, leading to theformation of coloured and dyeing compounds. The formation of thesecoloured and dyeing compounds results either from an oxidativecondensation of the “oxidation bases” with themselves, or an oxidativecondensation of the “oxidation bases” with colour modifying compoundscommonly called “couplers” and generally present in the dyeingcompositions used in oxidation dyeing.

To vary the shades obtained with the said oxidation dyes, or to increasetheir shimmer, direct dyes are sometimes added to them.

Among the cationic direct dyes available in the field of dyeing ofkeratinous fibres, especially human keratinous fibres, compounds arealready known whose structure is developed in the text which follows;nevertheless, these dyes lead to colours which exhibit characteristicswhich are still inadequate from the point of view of the intensity andhomogeneity of the colour distributed along the fibre; it is said, inthis case, that the colour is too selective, and from the point of viewof fastness, in terms of resistance to various attacks to which the hairmay be subjected (light, adverse weather conditions, shampooings).

However, after major research studies carried out on this question, theapplicant has just now discovered that it is possible to obtain novelcompositions for dyeing keratinous fibres which are capable of givingintense and only slightly selective colours which are quite resistantnevertheless to the various attacks to which the hair may be subjected,by combining at least one particular anionic surfactant with at leastone cationic direct dye known in the prior art and which have therespective formulae defined hereinafter.

This discovery forms the basis of the present invention.

The first subject of the present invention is therefore a compositionfor dyeing keratinous fibres and in particular human keratinous fibressuch as hair, containing in an appropriate dyeing medium, (i) at leastone cationic direct dye whose structure corresponds to the formulae (I)to (IV) defined hereinafter, characterized in that it contains inaddition (ii) at least one quaternary ammonium salt.

(i) The cationic direct dye which can be used according to the presentinvention is a compound chosen from those of the following formulae (I),(II), (III), (III′), (IV):

a) the compounds of the following formula (I):

in which:

D represents a nitrogen atom or the —CH group,

R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom;a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which may be substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with a carbon atom of the benzene ring an optionallyoxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing heterocycle which may besubstituted with one or more C₁–C₄ alkyl radicals; a 4′-aminophenylradical,

R₃ and R′₃, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen orhalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, acyano, C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy or acetyloxy radical,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

A represents a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

in which R₄ represents a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which may be substitutedwith a hydroxyl radical and R₅ represents a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, withthe proviso that when D represents —CH, A represents A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ do not simultaneouslydenote a hydrogen atom;

b) the compounds of the following formula (II):

in which:

R₆ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical,

R₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical which may be substitutedwith a —CN radical or with an amino group, a 4′-aminophenyl radical orforms with R₆ an optionally oxygen-containing and/or nitrogen-containingheterocycle which may be substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical,

R₈ and R₉, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom,a halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine, a C₁–C₄alkyl or C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, a —CN radical,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 to B6:

in which R₁₀ represents a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which areidentical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkylradical;

c) the compounds of the following formulae (III) and (III′):

in which:

R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, a halogen atomsuch as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine or an amino radical,

R₁₄ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or forms with acarbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and/or substituted with one or more C₁–C₄ alkylgroups,

R₁₅ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine,iodine of fluorine,

R₁₆ and R₁₇, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atomor a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical,

D₁ and D₂, which are identical or different, represent a nitrogen atomor the —CH group,

m=0 or 1,

it being understood that when R₁₃ represents an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously represent a —CH group and m=0,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

E represents a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

in which R′ represents a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;

when m=0 and D₁ represents a nitrogen atom, then E may also denote agroup having the following structure E9:

in which R′ represents a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical,

d) the compounds of the following formula (IV):G—N═N—J  (IV)in which:the symbol G represents a group chosen from the following structures G₁to G₃:

in which structures G₁ to G₃,

-   R₁₈ denotes a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a phenyl radical which may be    substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a halogen atom chosen from    chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine;-   R₁₉ denotes a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;-   R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, represent a C₁–C₄    alkyl radical, a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzene    ring which is substituted with one or more C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy    or NO₂ radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzene ring which is    optionally substituted with one or more C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy or    NO₂ radicals;-   R₂₀ may denote, in addition, a hydrogen atom;-   Z denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group;-   M represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁–C₄ alkyl), or    —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);-   K represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁–C₄ alkyl), or    —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);-   P represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁–C₄ alkyl), or    —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r denotes zero or 1;-   R₂₂ represents an O⁻ atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical or a C₁–C₄ alkyl    radical;-   R₂₃ and R₂₄, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen    or halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine,    a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical or an —NO₂ radical;-   X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,    iodide, methylsulphate, ethylsulphate, acetate and perchlorate;

with the proviso that

-   if R₂₂ denotes O⁻, then r denotes zero;-   if K or P or M denote —N—(C₁–C₄ alkyl)X⁻, then R₂₃ or R₂₄ is    different from a hydrogen atom;-   if K denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r′), then M=P=—CH, —CR;-   if M denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r), then K=P=—CH, —CR;-   if P denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r), then K=M and denote —CH or —CR;-   if Z denotes a sulphur atom with R₂₁ denoting C₁–C₄ alkyl, then R₂₀    is different from a hydrogen atom;-   if Z denotes —NR₂₂ with R₁₉ denoting C₁–C₄ alkyl, then at least one    of the R₁₈, R₂₀ or R₂₁, radicals of the group having the structure    G₂ is different from a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;

the symbol J represents:

(a) a group having the following structure J₁:

in which structure J₁,

-   R₂₅ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine,    bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy    radical, a radical —OH, —NO₂, —NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, —NHCO(C₁–C₄alkyl),    or forms with R₂₆ a 5- or 6-membered ring containing or otherwise    one or more heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur;-   R₂₆ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine,    bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁–C₄ alkyl or C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical,    or forms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5- or 6-membered ring containing or    otherwise one or more heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or    sulphur;-   R₂₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an —OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical,    an —NR₂₉R₃₀ radical;-   R₂₈ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄    monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a phenyl    radical;-   R₂₉ and R₃₀, which are identical or different, represent a C₁–C₄    alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂–C₄    polyhydroxyalkyl radical;

(b) a 5- or 6- membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle group which iscapable of containing other heteroatoms and/or carbonyl-containinggroups and which may be substituted with one or more C₁–C₄ alkyl, aminoor phenyl radicals,

and in particular a group having the following structure J₂:

in which structure J₂,

-   R₃₁ and R₃₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen    atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a phenyl radical;-   Y denotes the —CO—radical or the radical

-   n=0 or 1, with, when n denotes 1, U denotes the —CO— radical.

In the structures (I) to (IV) defined above, the C₁–C₄ alkyl or alkoxygroup preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, butyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

The cationic direct dyes of formulae (I), (II), (III) and (III′) whichcan be used in the dyeing compositions in accordance with the inventionare known compounds which are described, for example, in patentapplications WO 95/01772, WO 95/15144 and EP-A-O 714 954. Those offormula (IV) that are useable in the dye compositions of the inventionare identified compounds described in, for example, the patentapplications FR-2189006, FR-2285851, and FR-2140205 and theircertificates of addition.

Among the direct cationic dyes of formula (I) that are useable in thedye compositions of the invention, the compounds based on the followingstructures (I1) to (I54) can be specifically noted.

Among the compounds having the structures (I1) to (I54) which aredescribed above, the compounds corresponding to the structures (I1),(I2), (I14) and (I31) are most particularly preferred.

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (II) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (II1) to (II9):

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (III1) to (III18):

Among the particular compounds having the structures (III1) to (III18)which are described above, the compounds corresponding to the structures(III4), (III5) and (III13) are most particularly preferred.

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III′) which can be used inthe dyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (III′1) to (III′3)

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (IV) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds having the followingstructures (IV)₁ to (IV)₇₇:

The cationic direct dye(s) used according to the invention preferablyrepresent from 0.001 to 10% by weight approximately of the total weightof the dyeing composition and still more preferably from 0.005 to 5% byweight approximately of this weight.

-   (ii) The quaternary ammonium salts which can be used according to    the present invention are chosen from the group consisting of:    -   (ii)₁—those of the following formula (V):

-   -   in which    -   the radicals R¹ and R⁴, which are identical or different, denote        a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic        hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,        or an alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido,        alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aromatic, aryl or alkylaryl        radical comprising from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms, with        at least one radical among R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ denoting a radical        comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms;    -   X⁻ is an anion chosen from the group comprising halides,        phosphates, acetates, lactates and alkyl sulphates;    -   Among them, there may be mentioned, for example, (a) the        dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium salts in which        the alkyl radical comprises from about 12 to about 22 carbon        atoms, such as the distearyldimethylammonium,        cetyltrimethylammonium or behenyltrimethylammonium        chlorides, (b) the di(C₁–C₂ alkyl) (C₁₂–C₂₂ alkyl)hydroxy(C₁–C₂        alkyl)ammonium salts such as oleocetylhydroxyethylammonium        chloride, or alternatively (c) the stearamidopropyldimethyl        (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride of formula:

-   -   sold under the trademark CERAPHYL 70 by the company VAN DYK.    -   (ii)₂—the imidazolium salts of the following formula (VI):

-   -   in which,    -   R⁵ is chosen from the alkenyl and/or alkyl radicals comprising        from 13 to 31 carbon atoms and derived from tallow fatty acids,        such as the product sold under the trademark “REWOQUAT W 7500”        by the company REWO;    -   (ii)₃—the quaternary diammonium salts of the following formula        (VII):

-   -   in which,    -   R⁶ denotes an aliphatic radical comprising from about 16 to 30        carbon atoms, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are chosen from hydrogen        or an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X⁻        is an anion chosen from the group comprising halides, acetates,        phosphates and sulphates. Such quaternary diammonium salts        comprise in particular propanetallowdiammonium dichloride.

According to the present invention, the quaternary ammonium salts offormula (V) are preferred in which R¹ to R⁴, which are identical ordifferent, denote alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radicals comprising from about12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and in particular behenyltrimethylammoniumchloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride andoleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride.

The quaternary ammonium salt(s) (ii) used according to the inventionpreferably represent from 0.01 to 10% by weight approximately of thetotal weight of the dyeing composition and still more preferably from0.05 to 5% by weight approximately of this weight.

The appropriate dyeing medium (or carrier) generally consists of wateror of a mixture of water and of at least one organic solvent forsolubilizing the compounds which would not be sufficiently soluble inwater. As organic solvent, there may be mentioned for example the C₁–C₄lower alkanols such as ethanol and isopropanol, the aromatic alcoholssuch as benzyl alcohol as well as similar products and mixtures thereof.

The solvents may be present in proportions preferably of between 1 and40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyeingcomposition, and still more preferably between 5 and 30% by weightapproximately.

The pH of the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention isgenerally between 2 and 11 approximately, and preferably between 5 and10 approximately. It may be adjusted to the desired value by means ofacidifying or alkalinizing agents normally used in dyeing keratinousfibres.

Among the acidifying agents, there may be mentioned, by way of example,the inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid,orthophosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids such as aceticacid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sulphonic acids.

Among the alkalinizing agents, there may be mentioned, by way ofexample, aqueous ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, alkanolamines such asmono-, di- and triethanolamines as well as derivatives thereof, sodiumor potassium hydroxides and the compounds having the following formula(VIII):

in which W is a propylene residue which is optionally substituted with ahydroxyl group or a C₁–C₆ alkyl radical; R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴ and R ¹⁵, whichare identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₆ alkylradical or a C₁–C₆ hydroxyalkyl radical.

The dyeing composition in accordance with the invention may, in additionto the cationic direct dye(s) (i) defined above, contain one or moreadditional direct dyes which may for example be chosen from thenitrobenzene dyes, the anthraquinone dyes, the naphthoquinone dyes, thetriarylmethane dyes, the xanthene dyes, the noncationic azo dyes.

When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention contains, in addition to the cationicdirect dye(s) (i), one or more oxidation bases chosen from the oxidationbases conventionally used for oxidation dyeing and among which there maybe mentioned in particular the para-phenylenediamines, thebis-phenylalkylenediamines, the para-aminophenols, theortho-aminophenols and the heterocyclic bases. When they are used, theoxidation base(s) preferably represent from 0.0005 to 12% by weightapproximately of the total weight of the dyeing composition, and stillmore preferably from 0.005 to 6% by weight approximately of this weight.

When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention may also contain, in addition to thecationic direct dye (i) and the quaternary ammonium salt (ii) as well asoxidation bases, one or more couplers so as to modify or increase theshimmer of the shades obtained using the cationic direct dye(s) (i) andthe oxidation base(s).

The couplers which can be used in the dyeing composition in accordancewith the invention may be chosen from the couplers conventionally usedin oxidation dyeing and among which there may be mentioned in particularthe meta-phenylenediamines, the meta-aminophenols, the meta-diphenolsand the heterocyclic couplers.

When they are present, the coupler(s) preferably represent from 0.0001to 10% by weight approximately of the total weight of the dyeingcomposition and still more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weightapproximately of this weight.

The dyeing composition in accordance with the invention may also containvarious adjuvants which are conventionally used in hair-dyeingcompositions, such as antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestrants,perfumes, buffers, dispersing agents, film-forming agents, ceramides,preservatives, screening agents and opacifying agents.

Of course, persons skilled in the art will be careful to choose this orthese optional additional compounds such that the advantageousproperties intrinsically attached to the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention are not, or not substantially, altered bythe addition(s) envisaged.

The dyeing composition according to the invention may be provided invarious forms, such as in the form of liquids, shampoos, creams, gels,or in any other form appropriate for dyeing keratinous fibres, and inparticular human hair. It may be obtained by freshly mixing acomposition, which is optionally pulverulent, containing the cationicdirect dye(s) with a composition containing the quaternary ammoniumsalt.

When the combination of the cationic direct dye (i) and of thequaternary ammonium salt (ii) according to the invention is used in acomposition intended for oxidation dyeing (one or more oxidation basesare then used, optionally in the presence of one or more couplers) orwhen it is used in a composition intended for direct lightening dyeing,then the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains,in addition, at least one oxidizing agent chosen for example fromhydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts suchthe perborates and persulphates, and enzymes such as peroxidases,laccases and oxidoreductases containing two electrons. The use ofhydrogen peroxide or of enzymes is particularly preferred.

Another subject of the invention is a method of dyeing keratinous fibresand in particular human keratinous fibres such as hair using the dyeingcomposition as defined above.

According to a first variant of this dyeing method in accordance withthe invention, at least one dyeing composition as defined above isapplied to the fibres for a sufficient time to develop the desiredcolour, after which they are rinsed, optionally washed with shampoo,rinsed again and dried.

The time necessary for the development of the colour on the keratinousfibres is generally between 3 and 60 minutes and still more preferably 5and 40 minutes.

According to a second variant of this dyeing method in accordance withthe invention, at least one dyeing composition as defined above isapplied to the fibres for a sufficient time to develop the desiredcolour, with no final rinsing.

According to a particular embodiment of this dyeing method, and when thedyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains at leastone oxidation base and at least one oxidizing agent, the dyeing methodcomprises a preliminary stage consisting of storing in a separate form,on the one hand, a composition (A1) comprising, in an appropriate dyeingmedium, at least one cationic direct dye (i) as defined above and atleast one oxidation base and, on the other hand, a composition (B1)containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at least one oxidizingagent, and then mixing them at the time of use before applying thismixture to the keratinous fibres, the composition (A1) or thecomposition (B1) containing the quaternary ammonium salt (ii) as definedabove.

According to another particular embodiment of this dyeing method, andwhen the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains atleast one oxidizing agent, the dyeing method comprises a preliminarystage consisting of storing in a separate form, on the one hand, acomposition (A2) comprising, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at leastone cationic direct dye (i) as defined above and, on the other hand, acomposition (B2) containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at leastone oxidizing agent, and then mixing them at the time of use beforeapplying this mixture to the keratinous fibres, the composition (A2) orthe composition (B2) containing the quaternary ammonium salt as definedabove.

Another subject of the invention is a multicompartment device or dyeing“kit” or any other multicompartment packaging system in which a firstcompartment contains composition (A1) or (A2) as defined above and asecond compartment contains composition (B1) or (B2) as defined above.These devices may be equipped with a means allowing the desired mixtureto be delivered to the hair, such as the devices described in patentFR-2,586,913 in the applicant's name.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without,however, limiting the scope thereof.

EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 3

The three direct dyeing compositions which are assembled in thefollowing table were prepared: (all contents expressed in grams)

EXAMPLES No. → 1 2 3 Cationic direct dye of formula  0.20 (I1) Cationicdirect dye of formula  0.20 (I14) Cationic direct dye of formula  0.10(IV)₂₇ Oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethyl)-  2.0 AS* ammonium chlorideBehenyltrimethylammonium  2.0 AS* chloride Cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride  2.0 AS* Ethanol  10  10  10 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol qs pH9 pH 9 pH 9 Demineralized water qs 100 100 100 AS* denotes ActiveSubstance

The above compositions were each applied for 30 minutes to locks ofnatural grey hair which is 90% white. The hair locks were then rinsed,washed with a standard shampoo and then dried.

The locks were dyed in the following shades:

Examples Shades obtained 1 dark red 2 dark orange 3 dark purple

1. A composition for the direct dyeing of keratinous fibers comprising,in a medium suitable for dyeing, (i) at least one cationic direct dyechosen from: a) cationic direct dyes of formula (I):

in which: D is a nitrogen atom or a —CH group, R₁ and R₂, which areidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with each other or a carbon atom of the benzene ring aheterocycle optionally containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogenand which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁–C₄ alkylradical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical, R₃ and R′₃, which are identicalor different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom chosenfrom chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a cyano radical; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an acetyloxy radical, X⁻ isan anion, A is a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

in which R₄ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a hydroxyl radical and R₅ is a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical,with the proviso that when D represents —CH, A is A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ are not simultaneouslyhydrogen atoms; b) cationic direct dyes of formula (II):

in which: R₆ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₇ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom; an alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a —CN radical or with an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical, or forms with R₆ a heterocycle optionallycontaining at least one of oxygen and nitrogen and which isunsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₈ and R₉,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; aC₁–C₄ alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a —CN radical, X⁻ is ananion, B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 toB6:

in which R₁₀ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identicalor different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; c) cationicdirect dyes of the following formula (III) and formula (III′):

in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; and anamino radical, R₁₄ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or formswith a carbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and is unsubstituted or substituted with at least oneC₁–C₄ alkyl group, R₁₅ is a hydrogen or halogen atom chosen frombromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, R₁₆ and R₁₇, which areidentical or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, D₁and D₂, which are identical or different, are a nitrogen atom or a —CHgroup, m=0 or 1, with the proviso that when R₁₃ is an unsubstitutedamino group, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are —CH groups and m=0, X⁻ isan anion, E is a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; when m=0 and D₁ is a nitrogenatom, then E may also be a group having the following structure E9:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, and d) cationic direct dyes offormula (IV):G—N═N—J  (IV) in which: the symbol G is a group chosen from thefollowing structures G₁ to G₃:

in which structures G₁ to G₃, R₁₈ is chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄alkyl radical or with a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine,iodine and fluorine; R₁₉ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄alkyl radical and a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzenering which is substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzenering which is optionally substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals; R₂₀ may also be ahydrogen atom; Z is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group; M is agroup chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);K is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); P is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R denotes C₁–C₄alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r) where r is zero or 1; R₂₂ is chosen from an O⁻atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical and a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; R₂₃ and R₂₄,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an —NO₂ radical; X⁻ is ananion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) a group having the followingstructure J₁:

in which structure J₁, R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogenatom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a radical chosen from —OH, —NO₂,—NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, and —NHCO(C₁–C₄ alkyl), or forms with R₂₆ a 5- or6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; R₂₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; and a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, or forms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5-or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an—OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical, and an —NR₂₉R₃₀ radical; R₂₈ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkylradical, a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, and a phenyl radical; R₂₉ andR₃₀, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkylradical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, and a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradical; and (b) a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclegroup which optionally contains additional heteroatoms,carbonyl-containing groups, or a mixture of additional heteroatoms andcarbonyl-containing groups and which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄ alkyl, amino and phenylradicals, and (ii) at least one quaternary ammonium salt chosen from:(ii)₁—quaternary ammonium salts of the following formula (V):

in which the radicals R¹ R², R³, and R⁴, which are identical ordifferent, are chosen from a saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms;and a radical chosen from alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, polyoxyalkylene,alkylamido, alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aromatic, aryl and alkylarylradicals comprising 12 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein at least one radicalamong R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is a radical comprising 8 to 30 carbon atoms; X⁻is an anion chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates andalkyl sulphates; (ii)₂—imidazolium salts of the following formula (VI):

in which R⁵ is chosen from alkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals, saidalkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals comprising 13 to 31 carbon atoms andbeing derived from tallow fatty acids; (ii)₃—quaternary diammonium saltsof the following formula (VII):

in which R⁶ is an aliphatic radical comprising 16 to 30 carbon atoms,R⁷, R⁶, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radicalcomprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X⁻ is an anion chosen from halides,acetates, phosphates and sulphates, wherein said composition does notcontain an oxidation dye precursor.
 2. A composition according to claim1, wherein in the definition of said at least one cationic direct dye offormulas (I), (II), (III), and (III′), X⁻ is chosen from chloride,methylsulphate, and acetate.
 3. A composition according to claim 1,wherein in the definition of said cationic direct dyes of formula (IV),in G₁ and G₂, X⁻ is chosen from chloride, iodide, methylsulphate,ethylsulphate, acetate and perchlorate.
 4. A composition according toclaim 1, wherein in the definition of said cationic direct dyes offormula (IV), the 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle groupof J is chosen from groups having the structure J₂ below:

in which structure J₂, R₃₁ and R₃₂, which are identical or different,are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, and a phenylradical; Y is a —CO— radical or the radical

and n=0 or 1, wherein when n is 1, U is a —CO— radical.
 5. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said at least one cationic direct dye ispresent in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10% by weight of the totalweight of the composition.
 6. A composition according to claim 5,wherein said at least one cationic direct dye is present in an amountranging from 0.005 to 5% by weight of the total weight of thecomposition.
 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein thequaternary ammonium salt of formula (V) is a dialkyldimethylamrnonium oralkyltrimethylammonium salt in which the alkyl radical comprises 12 to22 carbon atoms.
 8. A composition according to claim 7, wherein thequaternary ammonium salt of formula (V) is distearyldimethylammoniumchloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, or behenyltrimethylammoniumchloride.
 9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the quaternaryammonium salt of formula (V) is a di(C₁–C₂alkyl)(C₁₂–C₂₂alkyl)hydroxy(C₁–C₂alkyl)ammonium salt.
 10. A compositionaccording to claim 9, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt of formula(V) is oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride.
 11. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt of formula(V) is stearamidopropyldimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride offormula:


12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said at least onequaternary ammonium salt is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
 13. A compositionaccording to claim 12, wherein said at least one quaternary ammoniumsalt is present in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 5% by weight of thetotal weight of the composition.
 14. A composition according to claim 1,wherein said medium suitable for dyeing comprises water or a mixture ofwater and at least one organic solvent.
 15. A composition according toclaim 1, wherein the composition has a pH ranging from 2 to
 11. 16. Acomposition according to claim 15, wherein the pH ranges from 5 to 10.17. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition furthercomprises at least one oxidizing agent.
 18. A composition according toclaim 17, wherein said at least one oxidizing agent is chosen fromperoxides, alkali metal bromates, persalts, and enzymes.
 19. Acomposition according to claim 18, wherein said peroxides are chosenfrom hydrogen peroxide and urea peroxide.
 20. A composition according toclaim 18, wherein said persalts are chosen from perborates andpersulphates.
 21. A composition according to claim 18, wherein saidenzymes are chosen from peroxidases, laccases, and two-electronoxidoreductases.
 22. A composition according to claim 1, wherein saidkeratinous fibers are human keratinous fibers.
 23. A compositionaccording to claim 22, wherein said human keratinous fibers are hair.24. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the cationic direct dyesof formula (I) are chosen from the compounds corresponding to thefollowing structures (I1) to (I54):


25. A composition according to claim 24, wherein the cationic directdyes are chosen from the compounds having structures (I1), (I2), (I14),and (I31).
 26. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the cationicdirect dyes of formula (II) are chosen from the compounds correspondingto the following structures (II1) to (II9)


27. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the cationic direct dyesof formula (III) are chosen from the compounds corresponding to thefollowing structures (III1) to (III18):


28. A composition according to claim 27, wherein the cationic directdyes of formula (III) are chosen from the compounds having structures(III4), (III5) and (III13).
 29. A composition according to claim 1,wherein the cationic direct dyes of formula (III′) are chosen from thecompounds corresponding to the following structures (III′1) to (III′3):


30. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the cationic direct dyesof formula (IV) are chosen from the compounds corresponding to thefollowing structures (IV)1 to (IV)77:


31. A method for the direct dyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising:applying to said keratinous fibers for a time sufficient to develop adesired color, a composition comprising, in a medium suitable fordyeing, (i) at least one cationic direct dye chosen from: a) cationicdirect dyes of formula (I):

in which: D is a nitrogen atom or a —CH group, R₁ and R₂, which areidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with each other or a carbon atom of the benzene ring aheterocycle optionally containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogenand which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁–C₄ alkylradical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical, R₃ and R′₃, which are identicalor different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom chosenfrom chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a cyano radical; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an acetyloxy radical, X⁻ isan anion, A is a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

n which R₄ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a hydroxyl radical and R₅ is a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical,with the proviso that when 0 represents —CH, A is A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ are not simultaneouslyhydrogen atoms; b) cationic direct dyes of formula (II):

in which: R₆ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₇ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom; an alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a —CN radical or with an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical, or forms with R₆ a heterocycle optionallycontaining at least one of oxygen and nitrogen and which isunsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₈ and R₉,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; aC₁–C₄ alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a —CN radical, X⁻ is ananion, B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 toB6:

in which R₁₀ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identicalor different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; c) cationicdirect dyes of the following formula (III) and formula (III′):

in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; and anamino radical, R₁₄ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or formswith a carbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and is unsubstituted or substituted with at least oneC₁–C₄ alkyl group, R₁₅ is a hydrogen or halogen atom chosen frombromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, R₁₆ and R₁₇, which areidentical or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, D₁and D₂, which are identical or different, are a nitrogen atom or a —CHgroup, m=0 or 1, with the proviso that when R₁₃ is an unsubstitutedamino group, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are —CH groups and m=0, X⁻ isan anion, E is a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; when m=0 and D₁ is a nitrogenatom, then E may also be a group having the following structure E9:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, and d) cationic direct dyes offormula (IV):G—N═N—J  (IV) in which: the symbol G is a group chosen from thefollowing structures G₁ to G₃:

in which structures G₁ to G₃, R₁₈ is chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄alkyl radical or with a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine,iodine and fluorine; R₁₉ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄alkyl radical and a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzenering which is substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzenering which is optionally substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals; R₂₀ may also be ahydrogen atom; Z is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group; M is agroup chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);K is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); P is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R denotes C₁–C₄alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r) where r is zero or 1; R₂₂ is chosen from an 0atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical and a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; R₂₃ and R₂₄,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; H a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an —NO₂ radical; X⁻ is ananion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) a group having the followingstructure J₁:

in which structure J₁, R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogenatom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a radical chosen from —CH, —NO₂,—NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, and —NHCO(C₁–C_(4 l alkyl), or forms with R) ₂₆ a 5-or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; R₂₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; and a C₁–C₄ aikoxy radical, or forms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5-or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an—OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical, and an —NR₂₉R₃₀ radical; R₂₈ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkylradical, a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, and a phenyl radical; R₂₉ andR₃₀, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkylradical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, and a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradical; and (b) a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclegroup which optionally contains additional heteroatoms,carbonyl-containing groups, or a mixture of additional heteroatoms andcarbonyl-containing groups and which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄ alkyl, amino and phenylradicals, and (ii) at least one quaternary ammonium salt chosen from:(ii)₁—quaternary ammonium salts of the following formula (V):

in which the radicals R¹ R², R³, and R⁴, which are identical ordifferent, are chosen from a saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms;and a radical chosen from alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, polyoxyalkylene,alkylamido, alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aromatic, aryl and alkylarylradicals comprising 12 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein at least one radicalamong R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is a radical comprising 8 to 30 carbon atoms; X⁻is an anion chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates andalkyl sulphates; (ii)₂—imidazolium salts of the following formula (VI):

in which R⁵ is chosen from alkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals, saidalkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals comprising 13 to 31 carbon atoms andbeing derived from tallow fatty acids; (ii)₃—quaternary diammonium saltsof the following formula (VII):

in which R⁶ is an aliphatic radical comprising 16 to 30 carbon atoms,R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radicalcomprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X⁻ is an anion chosen from halides,acetates, phosphates and sulphates, wherein said composition does notcontain an oxidation dye precursor.
 32. A method according to claim 31,further comprising rinsing said keratinous fibers after applying saidcomposition thereon.
 33. A method according to claim 32, furthercomprising washing said keratinous fibers with shampoo after saidrinsing; and rinsing again said keratinous fibers after said washing.34. A method according to claim 33, further comprising, after saidwashing and rinsing, drying said keratinous fibers.
 35. A methodaccording to claim 31, wherein said keratinous fibers are humankeratinous fibers.
 36. A method according to claim 35, wherein saidhuman keratinous fibers are hair.
 37. A composition for the directdyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising a cationic direct dye ofstructure (I1):

and oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammoniuim chloride; wherein saidcomposition does not contain an oxidation dye precursor.
 38. Acomposition for the direct dyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising: acationic direct dye of structure (I14):

and behenyltrimethylammonium chloride; wherein said composition does notcontain an oxidation dye precursor.
 39. A composition for the directdyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising: a cationic direct dye ofstructure (IV)₂₇:

and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride; wherein said composition does notcontain an oxidation dye precursor.
 40. A method for the direct dyeingof keratinous fibers, comprising separately storing a first compositionand a second composition; mixing said first composition with said secondcomposition before applying the resultant mixture to said keratinousfibers; and applying said mixture to the keratinous fibers, wherein saidfirst composition comprises, in a medium suitable for dyeing: at leastone cationic direct dye chosen from: a) cationic direct dyes of formula(I):

in which: D is a nitrogen atom or a —CH group, R₁ and R₂, which areidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with each other or a carbon atom of the benzene ring aheterocycle optionally containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogenand which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁–C₄ alkylradical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical, R₃ and R′₃, which are identicalor different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom chosenfrom chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a cyano radical; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an acetyloxy radical, X⁻ isan anion, A is a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

in which R₄ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a hydroxyl radical and R₅ is a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical,with the proviso that when D represents —CH, A is A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ are not simultaneouslyhydrogen atoms; b) cationic direct dyes of formula (II):

in which: R₆ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₇ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom; an alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a —CN radical or with an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical, or forms with R₆ a heterocycle optionallycontaining at least one of oxygen and nitrogen and which isunsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₈ and R₉,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; aC₁–C₄ alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a —CN radical, X⁻ is ananion, B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 toB6:

in which R₁₀ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identicalor different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; c) cationicdirect dyes of the following formula (III) and formula (III′):

in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; and anamino radical, R₁₄ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or formswith a carbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and is unsubstituted or substituted with at least oneC₁–C₄ alkyl group, R₁₅ is a hydrogen or halogen atom chosen frombromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, R₁₆ and R₁₇, which areidentical or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, D₁and D₂, which are identical or different, are a nitrogen atom or a —CHgroup, m=0 or 1, with the proviso that when R₁₃ is an unsubstitutedamino group, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are —CH groups and m=0, X⁻ isan anion, E is a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; when m=0 and D₁ is a nitrogenatom, then E may also be a group having the following structure E9:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, and d) cationic direct dyes offormula (IV):G—N═N—J  (IV) in which: the symbol G is a group chosen from thefollowing structures G₁ to G₃:

in which structures G₁ to G₃, R₁₈ is chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄alkyl radical or with a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine,iodine and fluorine; R₁₉ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄alkyl radical and a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzenering which is substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzenering which is optionally substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals; R₂₀ may also be ahydrogen atom; Z is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group; M is agroup chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);K is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); P is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R denotes C₁–C₄alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r) where r is zero or 1; R₂₂ is chosen from an O⁻atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical and a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; R₂₃ and R₂₄,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an —NO₂ radical; X⁻ is ananion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) a group having the followingstructure J₁:

in which structure J₁, R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogenatom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a radical chosen from —OH, —NO₂,—NHR₂₅, —NR₂₉R₃₀, and —NHCO(C₁–C₄alkyl), or forms with R₂₆ a 5- or6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; R₂₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; and a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, or forms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5-or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an—OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical, and an —NR₂₉R₃₀ radical; R₂₈ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkylradical, a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, and a phenyl radical; R₂₉ andR₃₀, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkylradical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, and a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradical; and (b) a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclegroup which optionally contains additional heteroatoms,carbonyl-containing groups, or a mixture of additional heteroatoms andcarbonyl-containing groups and which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄ alkyl, amino and phenylradicals, and wherein said second composition comprises, in a mediumsuitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent; and wherein eithersaid first composition or said second composition further comprises atleast one quaternary ammonium salt chosen from: (ii)₁—quaternaryammonium salts of the following formula (V):

in which the radicals R¹ R², R³, and R⁴, which are identical ordifferent, are chosen from a saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms;and a radical chosen from alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, polyoxyalkylene,alkylamido, alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aromatic, aryl and alkylarylradicals comprising 12 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein at least one radicalamong R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is a radical comprising 8 to 30 carbon atoms; X⁻is an anion chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates andalkyl sulphates; (ii)₂—imidazolium salts of the following formula (VI):

in which R⁵ is chosen from alkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals, saidalkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals comprising 13 to 31 carbon atoms andbeing derived from tallow fatty acids; (ii)₃—quaternary diammonium saltsof the following formula (VII):

in which R⁶ is an aliphatic radical comprising 16 to 30 carbon atoms,R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radicalcomprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X⁻ is an anion chosen from halides,acetates, phosphates and sulphates, wherein neither said firstcomposition nor said second composition contains an oxidation dyeprecursor.
 41. A method according to claim 40, wherein said keratinousfibers are human keratinous fibers.
 42. A method according to claim 41,wherein said human keratinous fibers are hair.
 43. A multicompartmentdirect dyeing kit wherein a first compartment contains a firstcomposition and a second compartment contains a second composition,wherein said first composition comprises, in a medium suitable fordyeing: at least one cationic direct dye chosen from: a) cationic directdyes of formula (I):

in which: D is a nitrogen atom or a —CH group, R₁ and R₂, which areidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with each other or a carbon atom of the benzene ring aheterocycle optionally containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogenand which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁–C₄ alkylradical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical, R₃ and R′₃, which are identicalor different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom chosenfrom chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a cyano radical; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an acetyloxy radical, X⁻ isan anion, A is a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

in which R₄ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a hydroxyl radical and R₅ is a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical,with the proviso that when D represents —CH, A is A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ are not simultaneouslyhydrogen atoms; b) cationic direct dyes of formula (II):

in which: R₆ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₇ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom; an alkyl radical which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with a —CN radical or with an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical, or forms with R₆ a heterocycle optionallycontaining at least one of oxygen and nitrogen and which isunsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₈ and R₉,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; aC₁–C₄ alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a —CN radical, X⁻ is ananion, B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 toB6:

in which R₁₀ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identicalor different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; c) cationicdirect dyes of the following formula (III) and formula (III′):

in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, ahalogen atom chosen from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; and anamino radical, R₁₄ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or formswith a carbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and is unsubstituted or substituted with at least oneC₁–C₄ alkyl group, R₁₅ is a hydrogen or halogen atom chosen frombromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, R₁₆ and R₁₇, which areidentical or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, D₁and D₂, which are identical or different, are a nitrogen atom or a —CHgroup, m=0 or 1, with the proviso that when R₁₃ is an unsubstitutedamino group, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are —CH groups and m=0, X⁻ isan anion, E is a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; when m=0 and D₁ is a nitrogenatom, then E may also be a group having the following structure E9:

in which R′ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, and d) cationic direct dyes offormula (IV):G—N═N—J  (IV) in which: the symbol G is a group chosen from thefollowing structures G₁ to G₃:

in which structures G₁ to G₃, R₁₈ is chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical;a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁–C₄alkyl radical or with a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine,iodine and fluorine; R₁₉ is a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄alkyl radical and a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzenering which is substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzenering which is optionally substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁–C₄ alkyl, C₁–C₄ alkoxy and NO₂ radicals; R₂₀ may also be ahydrogen atom; Z is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group; M is agroup chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);K is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R is C₁–C₄ alkyl; and—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); P is a group chosen from —CH; —CR wherein R denotes C₁–C₄alkyl; and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r) where r is zero or 1; R₂₂ is chosen from an O⁻atom, a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical and a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical; R₂₃ and R₂₄,which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and an —NO₂ radical; X⁻ is ananion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) a group having the followingstructure J₁:

in which structure J₁, R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; a halogenatom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄ alkylradical; a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical; and a radical chosen from —OH, —NO₂,—NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, and —NHCO(C₁–C₄alkyl), or forms with R₂₆ a 5- or6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; R₂₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; ahalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; a C₁–C₄alkyl radical; and a C₁–C₄ alkoxy radical, or forms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5-or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosenfrom nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an—OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical, and an —NR₂₉R₃₀ radical; R₂₈ is chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a C₁–C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkylradical, a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, and a phenyl radical; R₂₉ andR₃₀, which are identical or different, are chosen from a C₁–C₄ alkylradical, a C₁–C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, and a C₂–C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradical; and (b) a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclegroup which optionally contains additional heteroatoms,carbonyl-containing groups, or a mixture of additional heteroatoms andcarbonyl-containing groups and which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁–C₄ alkyl, amino and phenylradicals, and wherein said second composition comprises, in a mediumsuitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent; wherein either saidfirst composition or said second composition further comprises at leastone quaternary ammonium salt chosen from: (ii)₁—quaternary ammoniumsalts of the following formula (V):

in which the radicals R¹ R², R³, and R⁴, which are identical ordifferent, are chosen from a saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms;and a radical chosen from alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, polyoxyalkylene,alkylamido, alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aromatic, aryl and alkylarylradicals comprising 12 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein at least one radicalamong R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is a radical comprising 8 to 30 carbon atoms; X⁻is an anion chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates andalkyl sulphates; (ii)₂—imidazolium salts of the following formula (VI):

in which R⁵ is chosen from alkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals, saidalkenyl radicals and alkyl radicals comprising 13 to 31 carbon atoms andbeing derived from tallow fatty acids; (ii)₃—quaternary diammonium saltsof the following formula (VII):

in which R⁶ is an aliphatic radical comprising 16 to 30 carbon atoms,R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radicalcomprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X is an anion chosen from halides,acetates, phosphates and sulphates; and wherein neither said firstcomposition nor said second composition contains an oxidation dyeprecursor.